ملخص اللغة الإنجليزية سادسة ابتدائي، الترم الأول Egypt: Past and Present

Lesson 1: Egypt Past and Present (materials)

Omar and Nour talk about materials Ancient Egyptians used: stone (granite statues, and stone is still used in modern buildings), clay (pots, jars, bricks, small statues and amulets), papyrus (a writing material that lasts a long time), linen (made from flax; people wore it and wrapped mummies in it), wood, and gold and colored stones for jewelry. These natural materials are strong and useful, so many survived for thousands of years. Words: material (something used to make things), ancient (very old), modern (from recent times), decorate, wrapped, survive (continue to exist for a long time).

Lesson 2: Let's Use Energy Wisely!

Energy lights our homes, cooks our food and charges our phones. In Egypt we use electricity, gas and solar power. Energy is not endless, so we must use it wisely. Clean energy from the sun and wind does not pollute, and Egypt has a lot of sunshine, so solar panels save money and help the planet. Oil and gas can harm the Earth, and cars and buses pollute the air. We can save energy by turning off lights and devices, closing the fridge door quickly, using the right size pot, and walking or biking short distances. Wasting energy causes climate change.

Language in Use: modal verbs (followed by the base verb)

• must: something very important or a rule (You must turn off the lights.)
• mustn't: something not allowed (You mustn't throw rubbish on the ground.)
• should: advice or a good idea (You should walk to school if it's close.)
• shouldn't: not a good idea (You shouldn't waste water.)

Lesson 3: Gifts from under the Ground

Valuable things under the ground are called minerals. Egypt has oil (a black liquid found deep under the ground, especially in the Western Desert and Sinai, and sold to other countries), natural gas (for cooking, heating and electricity), gold (a shiny yellow metal found in the Eastern Desert, used by Ancient Egyptians for jewelry), and iron (a strong metal used to make steel for buildings and cars). The soil also has minerals that help plants grow. Using minerals wisely builds a strong future. Pronunciation: long /u:/ (moon, school) and short /ʊ/ (book, good).

Lesson 4: Man-Made Resources

Omar does a research project. Man-made resources are things people create using natural materials: plastic (made from oil: bottles, toys), glass (made from sand: windows, mirrors), bricks (clay and water, dried or baked), and paper (made from trees; it can be recycled). His tips: recycle plastic, reuse paper, use cloth bags. Tips for research: choose your topic, ask simple questions, use different sources, write short notes in your own words, organize ideas, add pictures, and check spelling and grammar.

Think and Create: The High Dam

The High Dam is a huge wall across the Nile in Aswan, built between 1960 and 1970. It holds Lake Nasser. It stops floods, saves water for the dry season, gives clean electricity, and helps farmers irrigate their crops all year. Students make a fact file with questions, key facts, short sentences, a title and pictures.